Waves and Optics

Explore transverse and longitudinal oscillations and water-wave and sound evidence.

Explore amplitude, wavelength, frequency and period and period or frequency.

Explore wave speed, frequency and wavelength and missing quantities with v = fλ.

Explore measurements for wave investigations and wave speed from measured frequency and wavelength.

Explore how waves reflect, transmit or transfer energy to a material at a boundary.

Use wavefronts to explain changes in wave direction, speed and wavelength at boundaries.

Explore the order of the electromagnetic spectrum and wave frequency, wavelength and vacuum speed.

Explore radio and microwave uses and microwave absorption and satellite links.

Explore infrared and visible-light uses and thermal imaging and fibre communication.

Explore UV, X-ray and gamma uses and hazards and tissue effects and radiation dose.

Explore EM wave uses and hazards and properties to applications.

Explore surface absorption and emission trends and controlled infrared investigations.

Draw reflected light rays and explain mirror-like and diffuse reflection.

Explore ray-measurement conventions and reflection and refraction methods.

Explore real and virtual images and rays with direction arrows and normals.

Explore convex and concave lens behaviour and principal-ray diagrams.

Explore magnification and its lack of units and image or object height.

Explore reflection, absorption and filter transmission and colour under different illumination.

Explore perfect black-body properties and temperature effects on thermal emission.

Explore sound transmission and hearing range and conversion between sound and solid vibrations.

Explore ultrasound and partial reflection and depth from a pulse return time.

Explore P- and S-wave properties and their transmission through solids and liquids.