Electricity
I–V Characteristics Required Practical
To investigate the current–potential difference characteristics of different components and assess the reliability of the results.

What you will learn

How to build the circuit for I–V measurements

How to vary voltage and measure current

Why measurements are taken in both directions

How to plot an I–V graph from results

How to reduce errors caused by heating and readings
Explanation
Use an ammeter in series and a voltmeter across the test component. Vary the potential difference, record paired readings and reverse the supply to obtain the negative part of the graph. Plot current vertically and potential difference horizontally; limit unwanted heating when testing an ohmic conductor. Example: State the two measured quantities. Current and potential difference. Rearrange the relationship before substituting if a different quantity is required. Use clear labels. Give a reason.
